Snails are mostly known for their speed, or lack thereof. We get it, they’re not the fastest animal on Earth. But there are plenty of other things about snails to amaze. For instance, one species of snail can grow up to a foot and a half long! Here are 16 other fascinating facts about these slow-moving creatures:
The only measurable difference between snails and slugs is that the former has a shell.
2. … THOUGHSOME SLUGS ONLY APPEAR TO BE SHELL-LESS
In reality, slug families such asLimacidae and Milacidae have internal shell plates hidden within their bodies. Smaller shells can help the creatures to be more mobile, an evolutionary advantage when it comes to chasing down prey.
Slugs and snails are mollusks, putting them in the same category as oysters, clams, and mussels. Gastropods (the taxonomic class for snails and slugs) are the largest group of mollusks, comprising more than 80 percent of living mollusk species. They’re also one of the most diverse groups of animals in terms of form, habitat, and behaviors.
4. THEY LIVE EVERYWHERE ON EARTH.
There may be as many 150,000 species of gastropods, and they live in almost all habitats, from deep ocean trenches to deserts.
A snail’s love dart. Image Credit: Joris M. Koene and Hinrich Schulenburg via Wikipedia // CC BY 2.0
One researcher argues that the myth of Cupid’s arrow might come from the mating rituals of Helix aspersa, a garden snail. Some of these snails shoot “love darts” at the object of their affections, containing mucus that increases the chances of their sperm surviving (snails are hermaphrodites, and both individuals receive sperm during mating). However, in earlier times, people believed that these snot rockets were gifts of calcium or were an aphrodisiac, and McGill University’s Ron Chase argues that this might the inspiration behind Cupid’s desire-inducing quiver.
6. THEY’VE INSPIRED MEDICAL ADHESIVES.
Researchers from Boston Children’s Hospital and MIT have developed an adhesive that mimics the stickiness of a slug’s slime, the same gel that allows marine snails to cling to rocks in the surf. The medical glue is designed for use in repairing heart defects, and would stick to even jagged surfaces where traditional sutures might leak. So far, it’s only been tested on pig hearts.
Image Credit: iStock
Some studies have found that snail mucus might be useful to help wounds heal, possibly by triggering an immune response that helps skin cells regenerate.
8. SOME AQUATIC SNAILS HAVE LUNGS.
Some freshwater snails do not breathe underwater through gills, but rely on a type of lung, floating to the surface each time they need to breathe. Some snails have both gills and a lung. The apple snail has a siphon, a breathing tube that it can stretch up to the water’s surface to breathe without exposing itself to predators.
The giant triton, Charonia tritonis, can grow up to a foot and a half long. It’s also an aggressive predator with a keen sense of smell, and it loves to eat starfish, paralyzing them with venomous saliva.
10. FOR PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICANS, SNAILS WERE A SYMBOL OF JOY.
The sea snail was considered a symbol of rebirth and joy for Mesoamericans, who believed the whirled shape of its shell represented the circle of life.
Conches are very large sea snails. People have used shell trumpets as musical instruments for millennia. Shell trumpets play an important part in the mythology of ancient Greece, India, and Hawaii. In ancient Greek mythology, for instance, the sea god Triton calmed the waves with a conch-shell trumpet.
12.THEY LIKE TO DINE TOGETHER.
Some garden snailsprefereating from the same food source as another snail, even when there is other food readily available nearby. Family dinner, anyone?
HélènevanZuylen, a19th-century French socialite and writer, completed the1898 Paris–Amsterdam–Paristrail, reportedly becoming the first woman to compete in an international car race.Her husband, the president of theAutomobile Club de France, raced under the name “Escargot.”
14. SOMEHAVE HAIRY SHELLS.
Image Credit: iStock
Several species of terrestrial snails have hairy shells, especially the juveniles. Scientists postulate that this might be an adaptation that improves locomotion in wet environments, since hairy snails tend tocome fromhumid areas.
Highsmith, whose novels Strangers on a Train and The Talented Mr. Ripleywere adapted into now-famous films,reportedly preferred mollusks to people. She kept around 300 snails as pets, and they appear in several of her literary works. In a biography of the writer, author Joan Schenkar quotes someone describing Highsmith as “the woman who produced snails from her handbag and encouraged them to leave sticky trails all over her host’s tabletop.”
16. THE WORLD’S SMALLEST LAND SNAIL COULD FIT THROUGH THE EYE OF A NEEDLE
The recently discoveredAngustopila dominikaemaybe the smallest land snail ever found, with a shell just 0.03 inches tall. If you lined 10 of them up in a row, they could all march through the eye of a needle together. Any snail shorter than 0.2 inches officially qualifies as a microgastropod.
